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Contents
Basic Electrics
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Starting Circuits
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Charging Circuits
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Primary Ignition
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Secondary Ignition
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Mechanical Fuel Injection
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Electronic Fuel Injection
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Sensors and Actuators
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Emissions
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Engine Control Modules
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Diesel - Trouble Shooting Chart
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Diesel - Mechanical Pumps
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Diesel - Common Rail
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EOBD
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Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
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Air Conditioning
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Anti-Locking Braking Systems (ABS)
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Miscellaneous Topics
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Waveform Library
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Air Flow Meter - Air Vane
Air Flow Meter - Hot Wire
Faulty Air Flow Meter (12 volt)
Camshaft Sensor - AC Excited
Camshaft Sensor - Inductive
Camshaft Sensor - Hall effect (example 1)
Camshaft Sensor - Hall effect (example 2)
Camshaft vs. Crankshaft Sensors (dual trace)
Coolant Temperature Sensor
Coolant Temperature Sensor (Valhalla)
Crankshaft Sensor - Hall Effect
Crankshaft Sensor - Inductive (Cranking)
Crankshaft Sensor - Inductive (Engine Running)
Distributor - Hall effect
Distributor - Inductive Pick-up (Cranking)
Distributor - Inductive Pick-up (Running)
Knock Sensor
MAP Sensor - Analogue
MAP Sensor - Digital
Oxygen Sensor - Titania
Oxygen Sensor - Zirconia
Oxygen Sensors - EOBD
Road Speed Sensor - Hall Effect
Throttle Pedal Position (Electronic Throttle Contro
l)
Throttle Position (Electronic Throttle Control)
Throttle Potentiometer
Faulty Throttle Potentiometer
Throttle Potentiometer / Switch
Throttle Switch
TMAP Sensor
Carbon Canister Solenoid Valve
EGR Solenoid Valve
Fuel Pump
Idle Speed Control Valve (Electromagnetic)
Idle Speed Control Valve (Rotary)
Injector - Multi-point (voltage)
Injector - Multi-point (current)
Injector - Multi-point Multi-pulsing
Injector - LPG Simulator
Injector - Single Point (current)
Injector - Single Point (voltage example 1)
Injector - Single Point (voltage example 2)
Stepper Motor (example 1)
Stepper Motor (example 2)
Throttle Servomotor
Variable Camshaft Timing actuator
Amplifier Earth
Ford EDIS PIP & SAW signals
Vauxhall ECO TEC - ECM signal to Coil / Amp
Primary vs. Secondary (dual trace)
Faulty Renault Ignition Coil
Primary
Primary Burn Time
Primary Spark Line
Primary Induced Voltage
Dwell Period
Primary Current (example 1)
Primary Current (example 2)
BMW Primary (idle / above idle)
Secondary
Secondary Burn Time
Secondary Spark Line
Secondary Plug Kv
ABS Speed Sensor (inductive)
ABS Speed Sensors (inductive) - Dual Trace
ABS Speed Sensors (inductive) - Cornering
ABS Speed Sensor (digital)
ABS Speed Sensors (digital) - Dual Trace
ABS Speed Sensors (digital) - Cornering
Alternator Volts & Amps
Alternator Waveform
Cranking Amps (Petrol)
Cranking Amps (Diesel)
Glow Plugs / Timer Relay
CRD - Accelerator Pedal Sensor
CRD - Airflow Sensor
CRD - Camshaft Sensor
CRD - EGR Solenoid Valve
CRD - Engine Speed Sensor
CRD - High Fuel Pressure Sensor
CRD - Injector (Current) at Idle
CRD - Injector (Current) Under Acceleration
CRD - Injector (Current) on Overrun
CRD - Inlet Air Pressure Sensor
CRD - Turbo Solenoid Valve (at Idle)
CRD - Turbo Solenoid Valve (Under Acceleration)
CRD - Injector
CRD - Pressure Regulator
CRD - Quality Control Value
Motorcycle - Cranking
Motorcycle - Charging volts & Amps
Motorcycle - Charging - three phase wires
Motorcycle - Engine speed & position sensors
Motorcycle - Engine coolant and intake air temperature
Motorcycle - Atmospheric pressure sensor
Motorcycle - Road speed sensor
Motorcycle - Throttle position sensor
Motorcycle - Manifold pressure sensor
Motorcycle - Oxygen sensor
Motorcycle - Fuel pump current
Motorcycle - Injector (volts)
Motorcycle - Injector (current)
Motorcycle - Ignition primary (voltage)
Motorcycle - Ignition primary (current)
Motorcycle - Ignition secondary (negative)
Motorcycle - Ignition secondary (positive)
Motorcycle - Side stand switch
Motorcycle - Neutral switch
Motorcycle - Cooling fan current
Diagnostic Flowcharts
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Health and Safety / Disclaimer
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Navigation Tips
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Glossary
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